Carolina Michaëlis de Vasconcelos, born Karoline Michaelis (March 15, 1851 - November 18, 1925) was a German-Portuguese romanist.
She was born in Berlin as the last of five children of Gustav Michaelis, a mathematics teacher. In 1876 she married Joaquim António da Fonseca Vasconcelos, founder of Portuguese art history writing.
In 1911, she became the first female professor in romanism and German studies, at the Faculdade de Letras at the university of Lisbon.
Michaëlis de Vasconcelos died in Porto. Several schools and streets have been named in her honor in both Portugal and Germany. Portugal also issued a stamp for her 150th birthday.